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ABSTRACT This research is meant first to describe the lexicogrammatical system, cohesion, and genre applied in both texts, second is to describe mode analysis covering channel and medium, whether the language of both texts tend to be written or spoken, then medium discusses the appropriateness of the language being used in the medium of the texts, third to describes whether both texts are different or similar based on the analysis of lexicogrammar, cohesion, genre, and mode analysis in both types of film review text. This thesis uses the descriptive qualitative method and comparative method. The source of data are the text film review in the Jakarta Post entitled ‘Wallace and Gromit’ in the Now Showing and Flick Fact Column published on the 11th and 18th of December 2005. The technique of sampling used in this research is purposive sampling that is taken purposively for having been known the characteristics of the sample. In choosing the sample, this research uses total sampling, which means that all of the data provided from both text are taken to be the sample of this research. The result of this research is the employment of lexicogrammar system in both texts. The lexicogrammar system in the Flick Fact column text has characteristics such as a large number of simplex clause, more indicative, declarative clause functioning as proposition, dominantly employ Topical Unmarked, more simplex nominal and verbal group and more technicality and nominalization. In the term of cohesion system text I employs more repetition, dominant implicit conjunction, and uses new item genre. Meanwhile, the employment of lexicogrammar system in Now Showing column has characteristic such as large number of simplex clauses, more indicative declarative clause functioning as proposition, dominantly employ topical unmarked theme, more simplex nominal and verbal group, more technicality and nominalization in the term of cohesion system text employs the presence external conjunction, and use of review genre. The description of lexicogrammar, cohesion, and genre above gives the result that in constructing a message, the Text I tend to be more written language as their channel. Meanwhile, text II tend be more spoken. In the term of medium, both text are written in the same medium i.e. newspaper. The use of newspaper medium is very effective since the target readers are well-educated people and have good English, considering that the newspaper is written in English. The position of both columns as a part of Screen column in the Jakarta Sunday Edition that is consider as a relax column, the liquid language in this text functions to make the text not monotonous, and the use of each genre in both texts and the choice of channel each texts are also support the appropriateness. Furthermore, both text analyses have some similarities and differences. They are similar in many things such as: the use of simplex clause, the employment of simplex nominal and verbal group, the measurement of lexical density, the technicality and nominalization, and the medium. On the other hand, both texts also have some differences like: the type of clause and interdependency, in the cohesion system, the text structure and genre, and the channel.
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ABSTRACT This research is based on Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is a comparative study that focuses the analysis on finding out the mode by describing the lexicogrammar, cohesion and text structure of the texts The purposes of the research are to explore and compare the mode consisting of channel and medium of two car rental advertisement texts, namely Cheapa Island Car Rental and King Island Car Rental so that the similarities and differences between them can be identified. This research belongs to a qualitative research employing a descriptive comparative method. Meanwhile the source of data is the advertisement texts taken from TravelPoint booklet on April 2005. In addition, the data analyzed in this research is in form of lexicogrammar, cohesion and text structure. From the analysis, it can be concluded that both texts employ the same channel, i.e. written spoken channel. Both texts show the equal proportion between the written channel characteristics and the spoken channel ones. This can be seen from the analysis of lexicogrammar, cohesion and text structure of the texts. The employment of between written and spoken channel, which makes the texts, not too liquid or solid, implying that both advertisers want to give clear information so that the readers can easily catch the message of the texts. In addition, the medium analysis of the texts shows that both Cheapa Island Car Rental and King Island Car Rental advertisement texts are effective. The choice of between written and spoken channel and the use of vivid text structure in both texts are appropriate for both of them in presenting their product. Moreover, the use of booklet medium is effective since the target readers are those who belong to well educated and middle to high class society people, especially travelers both local and international. Both texts have the similarities in lexicogrammar, cohesion, text structure, channel and medium. In channel both texts employ the same channel that is between spoken and written channel. Besides, the medium analysis shows that both texts are effective with its medium and the readers of TravelPoint booklet. Meanwhile, the differences of both texts can also be seen from lexicogrammar. In lexicogrammar term, both texts have the differences in type of clauses and interdependency sys
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Abstract This thesis w as a qualitative research employing a descriptive comparative method. The research was conducted by employing Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) theory, which focuses on analyzing the interpersonal meaning of texts exposing cartoon issue in Other Opinion Column and Your Letters Column in The Jakarta Post. The sources of data were two texts of “Prophet Drawings” and “Don’t Overact on Cartoon Issue” taken from Other Opinion Column and Your Letters column in The Jakarta Post issued in February 13, 2006 and February 18, 2006. The data were taken based on total sampling technique, since the data used are all of the clauses taken from the texts. In conducting the research, the researcher analyzed the data based on its lexicogrammar, cohesion, text structure and genre to define the interpersonal meaning covering status, affect and contact of both texts. Besides, this research was aimed at finding out the similarities and differences of both texts. The result of this research showed that both of the texts have unequal status between the writer and the participants inside the text and equal status between the writer and the readers. The degree of affect in both text showed that the judgment of the writer to the issue is negative while the judgment to the readers is positive. Meanwhile, seen from contact analysis, both texts also used familiar and readable language and have involved contact. The similarities of both texts are shown trough the lexicogrammar description in terms of group system that is dominated by simplex nominal and verbal groups, indicative declarative clause functioning as proposition, topical unmarked themes, abstractions and technicalities and the employment of ideational metaphor. From the analysis of interpersonal meaning, both of the texts have unequal status between the writer and the participant inside the text, and equal status between the writer and the readers. Seen from the degree of affect both texts have negative judgment to the issue presented and positive judgment to the readers. Further, both of texts use familiar and readable language and have involved contact. The differences can be seen from the clauses of text. Text II employs more simplex clauses than text I. The differences of both texts are also shown by the xiv transitivity system. Text I employed dominant mental behavior process, while text II employed dominant attributive relational process. The presence of interpersonal metaphor made some differences in both texts. Other difference is shown from the genre employed in each text. Text I employed discussion genre, while text II employed exposition genre. Finally, the difference of both texts was about the effectiveness and the appropriateness of texts. From the whole analysis it can be seen that Text I is more effective and appropriate than Text II. This can be seen through the data description and data interpretation of Text II which employed mental behavioral process in transitivity that support the genre of the text, higher familiar and readable language, the text structure make the text is more effective than in Text I, and the writer strategy in expressing his ideas by revealing two different points of view to criticize the cartoon. After concluding, the researcher also gives some recommendation to other students who are interested in SFL to explore other aspect of SFL especially register, genre and Ideology.
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IDEOLOGY AND GENRE IN OPINION TEXT OF JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER AND EDITORIAL TEXT IN WWW.THE JAKARTAPOST.COM RELATED TO HAMAS’ VICTORY ISSUE (BASED ON SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS)

This research belongs to a qualitative research employing descriptive comparative method. It purposes to explore and compare the register, genre and ideology of opinion text and editorial text issued in the Jakarta Post by using Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. This is aimed to find out the similarities and differences of all texts. The research applies total sampling technique for all aspects of lexicogrammar approach, cohesion, text structure and genre which was considered as data. The source of data is the opinion text taken from the Jakarta Post newspaper on February, 3rd 2006, and the editorial text in www.thejakartapost.com on February, 8th 2006. The research is conducted by analyzing the data through the description of lexicogrammar, cohesion, text structure and genre to define the aspects of register, genre and ideology. Then, the research is purposed to discover the similarities and differences of all texts. Based on the data analysis, the interpretation of register between text I and text II involving field, tenor and mode can be concluded as follows. The interpretation of field describes that both texts have similar issue relating to Hamas’ victory. In sense of tenor, both of texts employ mostly same features. The degree of relationship between the writer and readers of text I and text II is equal and the status between the writer and the participants inside of both texts is unequal. The interpretation of affect shows that the text I uses negative judgment to the issue, but the text II judges positively to the issue. The contact illustrates that the readers both the texts are uninvolved. Even, both of the texts categorized as the solid language, but it is still high readability. The interpretation of mode signs that the language style of both texts tends to be spoken-written in which appropriates to the medium, either the Jakarta Post in newspaper, or internet media. The text I uses Discussion genre since the GSP consists of thesis – preview – arguments for – arguments against – conclusion and recommendation. The text describes that Hamas victory is considered as an opportunity to make the peaceful condition in the Middle East, especially for the Hamas from Palestine and Israel. Mean while, text II employs Exposition genre since its GSP compresses of thesis– preview – argument I – Argument II – Elaboration of the argument – Argument III – reiteration. The text illuminates that the other sides, such the U.S. Israel, and the U.N should give Hamas a chance to lead Palestine government. The ideology of editorial texts can be traced back through the interpretation of register including field, tenor, mode, and genre. The text I employs left protagonist ideology. Left means that the writer worried about the victory of Hamas issue. Therefore, the writer’s ideology tries to reject the victory of Hamas by implying his protagonist perspective. However, the text II employs right antagonist ideology. Right in this sense means that the writer has the power to gain. The positive judgment directed to the victory of Hamas in Palestine, in this case the writer positively supports its victory.

ABSTRACT The research focuses on the ideational meaning analysis of love song lyrics written by American and Indonesian song writers. The objectives of the research are to find the ideational meaning of love song lyrics written by American and Indonesian song writers, and the similarities and differences between both groups of lyrics. The research belongs to descriptive qualitative research and applied qualitative method. The researcher applied purposive sampling to collect the data and total sampling to analyze the data by taking all the clauses. The data of this research were Jim Brickman’s and Dianne Warren’s lyrics as American song writers and Swara Wimayoga’s and Arina Ephipania’s lyrics as Indonesian song writers. The data were observed and analyzed by analyzing lexicogrammar system: transitivity and group system to find out the experiential meaning, clause system, group system, and conjunctive relations to find out the logical meaning, and interpreting the texts. Finally, the researcher compared the analyzed texts to find out the similarities and differences between the ideational meaning between the love song lyrics written by American and Indonesian song writers. The research focuses on the song lyrics having the same theme that is love someone. The research findings show that both groups of text are different in transitivity system but similar in theme, text structure, and logical structure. The research findings also show that the logical relation of both groups of text is in accordance with the nature of English language. The correlation of conjunctive relation results the staging of text structure. All texts written by American and Indonesian song writers have the same text structure categorized as descriptive poem genre which consists of unstructured staging as title, description, and information. The dominance of simplex nominal group in all texts written by American and Indonesian song writers supports the genre of the text. All those texts are also dominated by the presence of simplex nominal group and verbal group. The ideational meaning analysis of love song lyrics written by song writers from two different countries are obviously influenced by many aspects. Therefore, the researcher recommends the other researchers to comprehensively consider the writer’s cultural background and the context of each text. Due to the similarities between song lyric and poem, the researcher also recommends the others to consider the metaphor in analyzing song lyrics.
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ABSTRACT This is a qualitative descriptive and comparative research of Other Opinion and Your Letters texts based on Systemic Functional Linguistics approach in The Jakarta Post newspaper. The problem statements of this thesis are (1) how is the register, (2) what is the genre, (3) what is the ideology, (4)what are the similarities between the texts?. The main purpose of the research is to describe and to compare the register, the genre, and the ideology of two texts and finally to know the similarities and differences of the texts. The data were further observed and analyzed by describing the lexicogrammar, interpreting register, genre and finally were discussed to find out the writer’s ideology and to figure out the similarities and the differences of all texts exposed in different column. The interpretation of register explores three aspects, namely field, tenor, and mode. The interpretation of field shows that all texts basically have the same issue, that is, all texts illuminate the controvercy of foreign military aids for Aceh. The interpretation of tenor notes that the status of the writers to the readers is generally equal. Unequal status happens between the writer of text 1 and the inside partipcipants of text 1. This is caused by the aim of the writer. Meanwhile, the status of the writer of text 2 to the inside participants of the text is equal. The judgement of the writers to the issue is either positive or negative; and commonly positive to the readers. The contact indicates that the readers are uninvolved in the texts. Moreover, all texts show highly-familiarity for the readers. The third aspect of register, mode, signs that text in Other Opinion column tends to use spoken-written language, while the text in Your Letters likely tends to be written language. The texts employ exposition and discussion genre. The text in Other Opinion column is inclined to employ complete obligatory elements to argue the issue, i.e., arguments in one or more sides. However, the absence of recommendation is intended to let the readers decide it by themselves. Meanwhile, the texts in Your Letters column merely use thesis and one-sided argument as the main obligatory feature to argue the issue supported by preview, elaboration, and background. Further, since the texts employ exposition and discussion genre, the writers’ ideology may be antagonist or protagonist. Text 1 is indicated as owning to left antagonist for the writer directly present the arguments or suggestion from one side. Left used in this case is to challenge the issue. Meanwhile, the text indentified as belonging to protagonist is text 2. The protagonist writer prefers discussing the issue by presenting the arguments from two opposite sides, before at last choosing the one side. The writer of text 2 has right protagonist or support the issue.
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BSTRACT This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The objective of the research is to describe the ideology and genre of those two texts that is determined in lexicogrammar, cohesion and text structure. The research is conducted through Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The sources of data in this research were the editorials in the Arab News published on 9th January 2005 and the New York Times published on 8th January 2005. The data taken were chosen by applying total sampling, meaning the entire sample provided were used as the data. In conducting the research, the researcher analyzed the data based on register, genre and ideologies. The analysis was based on the lexicogrammar feature and the text structure to help the identification of the genre. Then the data descriptions are interpreted. The interpretation guided the researcher to describe the genre and the ideology of those two texts. The result of the analysis shows that the writer of both texts employ discussion genre with the statement of issue, arguments from different sides, conclusion and some recommendations as the optional one. The writers’ ideology of both texts are left protagonist since the writer challenges the issue in collaboration with the discussion genre. After concluding, the researcher also gives some recommendations to the other students who are interested in SFL student, other researchers, readers, writers of the editorials, and editors of publishers for the sake of the beneficial of the thesis writing.
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ABSTRACT Rony Kurniawan. AN ANALYSIS ON THE READABILITY LEVEL OF “FOKUS” (A Naturalistic Study on Elementary School Students’ English Worksheet). A Thesis. English Education Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. 2008. This research is aimed at describing and finding out whether and to what extents the layouts and the contents of Fokus English Worksheet (FEW) published by CV Sindunata, Kartasura are readable or not. This research is a study which is considered important to conduct since the growth of English teaching and learning in Indonesia starts from early ages. On that account, the English worksheet in teaching and learning processes is significant to evaluate. The data are collected through documentation and test. The data in the form of words are analyzed using interactive model while the data in the form of numbers are analyzed by applying the readability formula (Flesch and Gunning Fox Index) and Cloze Test Procedure. The second method of analysis adopts sample of reading text, the beginning, the middle, and the end of Fokus English Worksheet (FEW). Based on the result of analyzing data, the researcher found that FEW are specially designed and intended to English young learners, that is why these products have their own characteristics. From the layout points of view, it reveals that FEW are dominated many fancy pictures. However, at some extents, FEW does not serve its function well since at some extents, this worksheet does not have the same requirements as proposed by BNSP. From the content point of view, it reveals that FEW have correlation with KTSP Jawa Tengah. However, not all themes in FEW are exactly the same as KTSP Jawa Tengah. There are several different themes related to FEW market oriented. The other issues are about non authentic material of FEW which are aimed to make FEW more readable for Indonesian young learners of English. Some other issues found in this worksheet are about students’ cognitive values. There are not interactive group activities found in FEW and almost all the activities are in the low order domain. It is obviously seen that FEW applies PPP approach in its presentation and has applied four language skills. The last finding and discussion is about FEW’s high readability from Cloze Test, Flesch and Gunning Fox Index. The research finding of this study indicates that a good match between the English textbooks and the intended user will improve communication and learning and bring a maximum result of teaching and learning process. The ideal English textbook should have a good match between its lay out performances and contents. Therefore, it is recomended that (1) In writing English textbooks, writers should concern with the readability aspect of their writings. There are many aspects concerning the readability of English textbooks, for instance: its typography and layout, language culturally and socially bound issue, cognitive values, applied approach, syllabus, word length and complexity of the sentences; and (2) The teacher should be able to evaluate the selected English materials before presenting them in the classrooms.
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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perimbangan pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik terhadap populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat, mengetahui pengaruh bakteri pelarut fosfat terhadap ketersediaan fosfat, dan mengetahui pengaruh bakteri pelarut fosfat serta ketersediaan fosfat akibat perimbangan pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik terhadap produksi wortel. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal. P1:0% pupuk organik+0% pupuk anorganik; P2:50% pupuk anorganik; P3:100% pupuk anorganik; P4:50% pupuk organik; P5:50% pupuk organik+50% pupuk anorganik; P6:50% pupuk organik+100% pupuk anorganik; P7:100% pupuk organik; P8:100% pupuk organik+50% pupuk anorganik; P9:100% pupuk organik+100% pupuk anorganik. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji F 5% atau uji Kruskal Wallis selanjutnya diteruskan dengan uji DMR taraf 5% atau uji Mood Median serta uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa imbangan pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat, ketersediaan fosfat, dan berat wortel. Populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap ketersediaan fosfat. Perlakuan pupuk organik 20 ton/ha tanpa pupuk anorganik mampu meningkatkan populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat 679% dari kontrol (P1), hal ini dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi, pH, dan Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation. Kata Kunci: Bakteri pelarut fosfat, Andisol, Imbangan pupuk organik dan anorganik, dan Ketersediaan fosfat.
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ABSTRAK The study is aimed at finding the differences and similarities between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice. By identifying the similarities and differences between both, the difficulty can be predicted. This is based on the contrastive analysis hypothesis that the differences between students’ first language (in this case Indonesian) and students’ target language (in this case English) make the structures of the target language rather difficult for Indonesian students. The population of the study is the grammar books and web sites that discuss the passive voice. They were analyzed through some steps: [1] identifying English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice; [2] comparing both in sentences; and [3] presenting the similarities and differences between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice. The findings from the study indicate that there are some differences and similarities between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice. The differences are [a] English passive sentences are characterized by the word “be + past participle (V3)”. In Bahasa Indonesia, the passive voice is formed by using some affixes (such as: di-, di-i, di-kan, diper-, diper-kan, diper-i) and using kalimat pasif bentuk diri/pronoun substitutes (such as: saya, mereka, beliau, dia, olehmu, kami, etc.), [b] in English, the subject and the time signal determine the form but in Bahasa Indonesia they don’t. While the similarities of English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice are (a) only transitive verb may be used in passive voice; (b) both have similar identity, namely when the subject of transitive verb receives the action; (c) both need a word to mark the doer, “by” for English and “oleh” for Bahasa Indonesia. The study shows that in general English passive voice adopts structures that are relatively different from Indonesian passive voice, and it causes the difficulty for Indonesian students in mastering the structures. In order to facilitate them, there should be some appropriate materials that support it. Giving proportional explanation about the varieties and complexities of both and more opportunities to drill and read the differences and the similarities will make the students learn better and more easily master the material. This thesis has been approved to be examined by the thesis consultants of the Teaching Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta
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ABSTRAK Pabrik Etil akrilat dirancang dengan kapasitas 20.000 ton/tahun. Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan adalah Asam akrilat cair pada suhu 30○C dan tekanan 1 atm sebanyak 1867,09 kg/jam, Etanol cair pada suhu 30○C dan tekanan 1 atm sebanyak 1184.84 kg/jam dengan bantuan katalisator H2SO4. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah Etil akrilat berbentuk cair dengan jumlah produksi 20.000 ton/tahun pada kondisi suhu 30○C dan tekanan 1 atm. Etil akrilat dibuat dengan cara mereaksikan Asam akrilat dengan Etanol pada suhu 70○C dengan tekanan 1 atm di dalam reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk sebanyak 1 buah yang dilengkapi dengan koil pendingin. Pemurnian produk dilakukan dalam dua menara distilasi sehingga diperoleh kemurnian 99,5 %. Unit pendukung proses terdiri unit pengadaan steam, unit pengadaan listrik, unit pengadaan udara tekan dan unit pengadaan bahan bakar. Pabrik juga dilengkapi laboratorium untuk menjaga mutu dan kualitas produk agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Agar pabrik dapat beroperasi dengan lancar dan efisien, maka disusun suatu manajemen yang mengatur pembagian tugas, kesejahteraan karyawan dan lain-lain. Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah perseroan terbatas (PT) dengan struktur organisasi line and staff. Sistem kerja karyawan dibagi menurut jam kerja yang terdiri dari karyawan shift dan karyawan non shift. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulakan bahwa untuk mendirikan dan mengoperasikan pabrik Etil akrilat ini, dibutuhkan investasi berupa modal tetap (fixed capital investment) sebesar Rp. 123.600.400.982 dan modal kerja (working capital investment) sebesar Rp. 106.806.977.617. Adapun dari hasil analisa kelayakan, diperoleh Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 40,12 %, Shut Down Point (SDP) sebesar 26,21 %, Return on Investment (ROI) setelah pajak sebesar 31 %, Pay Out Time (POT) 2,44 tahun, Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) sebesar 19,58 %
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LAKON WAYANG SAWITRI SANGGIT KI NARTOSABDO PRODUKSI KUSUMA RECORD TAHUN 2005 REKAMAN KE 041(Tinjauan Hermeneutik) ABSTRAK 2009. Skripsi: Jurusan Sastra Daerah Fakultas Sastra dan Seni Rupa Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Bagaimanakah tafsir terhadap kondisi batin Ki Nartosabdo yang terefleksi dalam pertunjukan lakon Wayang Sawitri? (2) Nilai filosofis apa yang terdapat dalam dialog antara Dewi Sawitri dengan Yamadipati? (3) Konflik apa yang dibangun Ki Nartosabdo dalam mewarnai kehebatan sanggitnya? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Mengungkap tafsir terhadap struktur batin Ki Nartosabdo yang terefleksi dari kisah Lakon Wayang Sawitri ke dalam pertunjukan. (2) Mendeskripsikan nilai filosofis yang terdapat dalam dialog antara Dewi Sawitri dengan Yamadipati. (3) Mendeskripsikan konflik yang dibangun Ki Nartosabdo dalam mewarnai kehebatan sanggitnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan hermeneutik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Strategi yang digunakan adalah studi kasus tunggal. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah rekaman kaset Lakon Wayang Sawitri Sanggit Ki Nartosabdo Produksi Kusuma Record Tahun 2005 Rekaman ke 041. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah unsur struktural Lakon Wayang Sawitri Sanggit Ki Nartosabdo Produksi Kusuma Record Tahun 2005 Rekaman ke 041. Data skunder dalam penelitian ini adalah buku-buku, majalah-majalah, artikel-artikel dan referensi-referensi lain yang relevan dengan data penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan analisis isi (content analysys) dan hasil wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan: (1) Secara psikologi, hal tersebut menyiratkan dan menyuratkan bahwa pertama, Ki Nartosabdo dalam masa pencarian sosok wanita dambaan hati dan sekaligus menyindir kepada para wanita; kedua, dalam lubuk hati yang paling dalam, Ki Nartosabdo adalah pelaku agama rasa. Bila dikomparasikan dengan filsafat Barat, karya-karya Ki Nartosabdo termasuk dalam karya seni ekspresif dengan filsafat kosmologinya. (2) Dalam dialog antara Dewi Sawitri dengan Yamadipati mengungkapkan tentang nilai-nilai keutamaan pemimpin; berbudi bawa leksana (menepati janji) atau sering kita dengar ” Sabda brahmana raja tan kena wola-wali” . Makna lain yang tersirat adalah besarnya daya upaya ternyata mampu merubah jalannya takdir kehidupan (gedhening wiradat bisa ngendhih tekane kodrat). (3) Dalam cerita ini, pertama; ditemukan adanya miss communication atau tidak adanya komunikasi diantara dewa (Bethara Guru, Dewi Saraswati, dan Yamadipati) tentang takdir seseorang seperti yang terjadi kepada Dewi Sawitri dan Bambang Satyawan. Kedua; kecantikan seorang wanita tidak selalu membawa nikmat dan kebahagiaan. Ketiga; Ki Nartosabdo telah mengemukakan tentang idenya bahwa pemahaman tentang hakikat kosmologi belum mampu menembus rahasia kematian.
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Abstrak : Demi menghadapi persaingan global, perusahaan sangat memerlukan karyawan yang mau bekerja melebihi dari yang seharusnya dilakukan. Perilaku karyawan yang melebihi dari yang seharusnya dilakukan, dapat digolongkan dalam perilaku extra-role. Organ et.al (2006) menyebut usaha yang yang melebihi harapan ini sebagai Organizational Citizenship Behavior, dan mendeskripsikannya sebagai perilaku yang sekehendak hati, tidak secara langsung atau eksplisit diketahui dari sistem penghargaan formal, dan secara keseluruhan mendorong fungsi yang efektif dalam organisasi. Organizational Citizenship Behavior dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu dan kelompok. PT. Padma Soode Indonesia dipilih menjadi tempat penelitian karena peneliti melihat bahwa perusahaan tersebut terus berkembang dengan baik dan memiliki tingkat turn over karyawan yang tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini akan melihat apakah ada hubungan yang signifikan antara adversity intelligence dan persepsi terhadap kohesivitas kelompok dengan organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan PT. Padma Soode Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive random sampling. Adapun kriteria sampel dalam penelitian ini (1) merupakan karyawan tetap, (2) berada pada posisi staff dan supervisor, (3) telah bekerja selama lebih dari 1 tahun. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga skala yang terdiri atas skala organizational citizenship behavior, skala adversity intelligence, dan skala persepsi terhadap kohesivitas kelompok. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi dua prediktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai F-reg = 142,396, p < r =" 0,897.">
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Abstrak: Immediate action is required in handling emergency situation of human error disaster or natural catastrophe, e.g.: earthquakes, floods, or fire. Communication, as part of social life, is absolutely a necessity to convey information and aftermath coordination of the catastrophes. One of the effective communication ways on disaster response attempt is called radio communication. A visible group of people identified as amateur radio whose activities are always associated with radio communication creates effort to facilitate the communication. In 1980’s, amateur radio made their popularity since radio communication was compulsory as eminent device at that time. Along with technology development, the trend is about to change with many of which began to select cell phone than radio communication. As a result, the future presence of amateur radio is threatened. Whilst, its existence is needed especially when emergency or disaster call, where they are needed in supporting of aftermath communications. However, amateur radio still shows its existence through the role and function in society through various activities.
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ABSTRAK This research studies and answers the problem about the position of General Election Commission (KPU) as an independent institution in Indonesia’s state governance system as well as its task and authority in the general election (Pemilu) organization. In addition, it also aims to find out the obstacles the KPU encounters in organizing the general election. This study belongs to a normative research type that is descriptive in nature with statutory approach. The data sources employed were primary, secondary and tertiary law materials. Technique of collecting data used was documentary study with a deductive analysis technique. The result of research shows that the presence of KPU in Indonesia’s state governance system has indirectly determined the parties that will sit on the legislative and executive authority in Indonesia. The position of General Election Commission as an independent institution is viewed according to the institutional function to help the President in organizing the general election. The General Election Commission is established based on Section 22E (5) of 1945 Constitution. Nevertheless, the General Election Commission hierarchically belongs to the second layer of organ because the name of General Election Commission is mentioned clearly in the 1945 Constitution for it is written in capital letter. After the law foundation of General Election Commission is renewed based on the Act Number 22 0f 2007 about the General Election Organizer, the position of it becomes stronger because of clear mention of its name. Considering the law foundation of this act, the General Election Commission can be categorized into the second layer of organ or the second group of state institution. The General Election Commission as the general election organizer has the task, authority and obligation according to what determined in Act Number 22 of 2007 about the organization of General Election. The implementation of General Election Commission’s task, authority and obligation in Indonesia’s state governance system faces many obstacles, both juridical and technical. Keywords: General Election Commission, independent institution, Indonesia’s state governance system.
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Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pemerintahan Indonesia pasca amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan untuk mengetahui kewenangan Lembaga-Lembaga Negara setelah amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, bersifat deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder. Sumber data sekunder yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui studi kepustakaan baik berupa buku-buku, dokumen, arsip dan pengumpulan data melalui cyber media. Analisis data adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Model analisis ini memerlukan 3 komponen yaitu reduksi data, sajian ,serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Berdasarkan pembahasan dihasilkan 2 (dua) simpulan, yaitu pertama sistem pemerintahan Indonesia yang dianut setelah amandemen ke IV Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 adalah sistem pemerintahan presidensial. Pada sistem ini, terdapat 5 prinsip penting, yaitu: a. Presiden dan Wakil Presiden merupakan satu institusi penyelenggaraan kekuasaan eksekutif negara yang tertinggi di bawah Undang-Undang Dasar. b. Presiden dan wakil Presiden dipilih oleh rakyat secara langsung dan karena itu secara politik tidak bertanggung jawab kepada Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat atau parlemen, melainkan bertanggung jawab langsung kepada rakyat. c. Presiden dan/ atau wakil Presiden dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawabannya secara hukum apabila Presiden dan/ atau Wakil Presiden melakukan pelanggaran hukum dan konstitusi. d. Para Menteri adalah pembantu Presiden dan karena itu bertanggungjawab kepada Presiden, bukan dan tidak bertanggungjawab kepada parlemen. e. Untuk membatasi kekuasaan Presiden, ditentukan masa jabatan Presiden lima tahunan tidak boleh dijabat oleh orang yang sama lebih dari dua masa jabatan. Kedua, lembaga negara yang diatur kedudukan dan memiliki kewenangan konstitusional dalam UUD 1945 ada delapan organ yaitu Presiden dan wakil Presiden, DPR, MPR, DPD, MA, MK, BPK, KY. Amandemen UUD 1945 telah membawa banyak sekali perubahan terhadap kewenangan lembaga-lembaga negara dalam pembentukan undang-undang. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan adanya pergeseran kekuasaan legislatif dari Presiden ke DPR. Sebelum amandemen, Presiden memegang kekuasaan membentuk undang-undang. Setelah adanya Amandemen keempat, Presiden hanya berhak mengajukan rancangan undang-undang kepada DPR untuk disetujui DPR. Kini, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyatlah yang memegang kekuasaan membentuk Undang-undang, sesuai pasal 20 UUD 1945. This research aims to find out Indonesian’s governmental system post-amendment of 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and to find out the State Institutions’ authority post-amendment of 1945 Constitution. This study was a normative law research that is descriptive in nature. The type of data employed was secondary data. It included the primary, secondary and tertiary law materials. Technique of collecting data used was literary study such as books, documents, archives and data collection through the cyber media. Technique of analyzing data employed was a qualitative data analysis with an interactive model. The analysis model needed 3 components: data reduction, display and conclusion drawing or verification. Based on the discussion, two conclusions are obtained: firstly, Indonesian’s governmental system post-amendment of 1945 Constitution is presidential system. In this system there are 5 (five) important principles: a. President and vice-president are an institution of organizing the top state executive authority under the Constitution. b. President and vice-president are chosen directly by the people and therefore politically are not responsible to the People’s Consultative Council (MPR) or parliament, but directly to the people. c. President and/or vice-president can be held to accountable legally when President and/or vice-president do the law and constitution violations. d. The ministers are the president’s servant and therefore, are responsible to the president rather than to the parliament. e. In order to restrict the President’s authority, the President’s authority period is determined as five years and the same person can occupy this position for two periods but not more. Secondly, the state institutions regulated for their position and having the constitutional authority according to 1945 Constitutions are eight organs: President and vice President, DPR, MPR, DPD, MA, MK, BPK, KY. The fourth amendment of 1945 Constitution had brought about many changes into the authority of state institutional in the legislation. It can be seen from the shift of legislative authority from the President to DPR. Before the amendment, the President has a legislative authority (to develop legislation). After the fourth amendment, the President has the right only to propose the draft of legislation to DPR to be approved by DPR. Recently, it is DPR that hold a legislative authority, consistent with the article 20 of 1945 Constitution.
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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor rasio PDRB per kapita, rasio UMR, rasio kesempatan kerja, rasio tingkat pendidikan antara daerah tujuan migrasi dengan propinsi Jawa Tengah dengan migrasi ke luar propinsi Jawa Tengah dan juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel kontrol yaitu jarak ekonomi propinsi Jawa Tengah dan daerah tujuan migrasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda melalui dua tahapan yaitu tanpa menyertakan variabel kontrol dan dengan menyertakan variabel kontrol dalam hal ini adalah jarak ekonomi yang berguna untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen dan dibuktikan melalui uji statistik serta uji asumsi klasik. Selain analisis regresi linier berganda juga digunakan analisis statistik chi square yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel kontrol , apakah mengganggu atau tidak terhadap hubungan yang terjadi antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.Data yang digunakan adalah data yang bersumber dari Sensus Penduduk tahun 2000 dan data PDRB per kapita yang diperoleh dari BPS serta data sekunder pendukung lainnya yaitu data UMR yang diperoleh dari Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi dan data tarif pesawat terbang dari perusahaan penerbangan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS 10 untuk membantu menyelesaikan regresi linier berganda dan analisis statistik chi square. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menyebutkan bahwa pada regresi linier berganda tanpa menyertakan variabel kontrol diperoleh hasil yaitu rasio PDRB per kapita antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah berpengaruh pada taraf signifikansi 10 % serta rasio kesempatan kerja dan rasio tingkat pendidikan SLTA ke atas antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah berpengaruh pada taraf signifikansi 5%, sedangkan variabel rasio UMR antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah tidak berpengaruh terhadap migrasi ke luar Jawa Tengah pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil pengujian pada regresi linier berganda dengan menyertakan variabel kontrol diperoleh hasil yaitu rasio UMR, rasio tingkat pendidikan SLTA ke atas antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah, serta jarak ekonomi antara propinsi Jawa Tengah dan daerah tujuan migrasi sebagai variabel kontrol itu sendiri berpengaruh pada taraf signifikansi 5%, sedangkan dua variabel tidak berpengaruh terhadap migrasi ke luar Jawa Tengah yaitu rasio PDRB per kapita antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah pada taraf signifikansi 10 % dan rasio kesempatan kerja antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah pada taraf signifikansi 5 %. Ada tidaknya pengaruh variabel kontrol terhadap hubungan antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen dilakukan analisis chi square dan diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel kontrol yaitu jarak ekonomi ternyata mempengaruhi atau mengganggu hubungan antara rasio UMR dan rasio tingkat pendidikan SLTA ke atas antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah serta pada hubungan rasio PDRB per kapita pada jarak ekonomi jauh. Sedangkan pada hubungan rasio PDRB per kapita pada jarak ekonomi dekat dan rasio kesempatan kerja antara daerah tujuan migrasi dan propinsi Jawa Tengah ternyata tidak berpengaruh atau tidak mengganggu hubungan kedua variabel tersebut terhadap migrasi ke luar Jawa Tengah. Berdasar hasil penelitian tersebut, saran yang dapat disampaikan terutama bagi daerah asal (Pemerintah daerah Jawa Tengah) setidaknya mampu lebih mengembangkan daerahnya lebih baik terutama dalam aktivitas ekonomi dengan perluasan sektor usaha atau membangun kesempatan kerja, sekaligus perlu adanya tinjauan ulang mengenai kebijakan UMR yang ditetapkan. Kesemuanya seharusnya terkait dan mempertimbangkan tingkat pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh seorang migran, supaya sumber daya yang benar-benar potensial tidak begitu saja meninggalkan daerah asalnya. Bagi daerah tujuan Data Sensus Penduduk tahun 2000 menunjukkan kelima propinsi di Pulau Jawa paling besar dalam menerima migran dari Jawa Tengah, setidaknya kelima daerah tersebut harus mampu meningkatkan pembangunan baik di bidang ekonomi, sosial budaya serta sarana sekaligus prasarana untuk mengantisipasi membanjirnya jumlah migran yang berlebihan. Pada era otonomi daerah saat ini setidaknya pembangunan harus benar-benar mampu mengembangkan investasi, meningkatkan potensi ekonomi dan menciptakan kesempatan kerja yang produktif, hal ini tidak hanya diarahkan pada daerah asal namun daerah tujuan lain pun yang tidak terlalu dibanjiri migran dari Jawa Tengah, sehingga pola persebaran penduduk dapat lebih merata. Biaya transportasi atau jarak ekonomi ternyata berpengaruh bagi seorang migran, maka saran yang diajukan supaya kebijakan mengenai tarif pun perlu ditinjau ulang dan harapannya tarif yang ditetapkan lebih murah, sehingga migrasi penduduk sebagai sesuatu yang berlangsung dengan sendirinya yang mana penduduk bergerak semata-mata karena potensi dan kesempatan yang secara obyektif ada tanpa banyak hambatan.
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